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单词 to
释义 to
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
INFINITIVE 不定式
 ESSENTIAL 
■used before a verb to show that it is in the infinitive (用于动词前,表示不定式)
 ESSENTIAL 
■used after some verbs, especially when the action described in the infinitive will happen later (用于某些动词后,尤其是不定式所描述的动作将会随后发生时)
She agreed to help.她答应帮忙。
I'll have to tell him.我得告诉他。
Sadly she didn't live to see her grandchildren.令人伤心的是,她没有活到孙辈出生的那天。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used after many verbs of agreeing, needing and wanting (用于许多表示赞成、需要和想要的动词后)
I need to eat something first.我首先得吃点东西。
I'd love to live in New York.我想要住在纽约。
That child ought to be in bed.那个孩子应该上床睡觉。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used instead of repeating a verb clause (用于代替动词分句,以免重复)
"Are you going tonight?" "I'm certainly hoping to."“你今晚要走吗?”“我当然希望走。”
 ESSENTIAL 
■used in phrases where there are reported orders and requests (用于表示间接命令、要求的短语中)
He told me to wait.他叫我等。
Did anyone ask Daniel to book the room?有人要丹尼尔订房间了吗?
 ESSENTIAL 
■used after some adjectives (用于某些形容词后)
It's not likely to happen.这事不大可能发生。
Three months is too long to wait.等三个月太久了。
She's not strong enough to go walking up mountains.她身体不够壮,爬不上山。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used after some nouns (用于某些名词后)
He has this enviable ability to ignore everything that's unpleasant in life.他有这种令人羡慕的本事,能够不去理睬生活中的种种不快。
This will be my second attempt to make flaky pastry.这将是我第二次尝试制作薄馅饼皮。
 ESSENTIAL 
■A clause containing to + infinitive can be used as the subject of a sentence (含有带 to 的不定式的分句可用作句子主语)
To go overseas on your own is very brave.只身去国外,真勇敢。
My plan was to get it all arranged before I told anyone.我的计划是先把一切都安排好再告诉别人。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used after question words (用于疑问词后)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。
Can you tell me how to get there?你能告诉我怎样去那里吗?
 ESSENTIAL 
■used with an infinitive to express use or purpose (与不定式连用,表示用途或目的)
I'm going there to see my sister.我要去那里探望我的姐姐。
This tool is used to make holes in leather.这个工具是用来在皮革上打孔的。
To make this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.做这个蛋糕,你需要两个鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。
He works to get paid, not because he enjoys it.他工作是为了赚钱,而不是因为喜欢工作。
 ESSENTIAL 
■You can introduce a clause with a phrase containing to + infinitive (含有带 to 的不定式的短语可引出分句)
To be honest (= Speaking honestly) , Elaine, I prefer you in the grey shirt.说实话,伊莱恩,我喜欢你穿灰色的衬衣。
To be quite truthful with you, Betty, I never really liked the man.坦率地跟你说,贝蒂,我从未真正喜欢过这个男人。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used with an infinitive after 'there is' or 'there are' and a noun (与不定式连用,用于 there be + 名词这种结构后)
There's an awful lot of work to be done.有许许多多的工作要做。
to be going on with UK
■To be going on with means in order to continue with the present activity or situation 为了继续做下去
Do we have enough paint to be going on with, or should I get some more while I'm out?继续做下去我们的油漆够用吗,我是不是该外出时再买一些?
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
SHOWING DIRECTION 表示方向
 ESSENTIAL 
■in the direction of 朝,向,往,对着
We're going to town on the bus, okay?我们坐公车去城里,好吗?
We went to Prague last year.我们去年去了布拉格。
I asked someone the way to the town centre.我向人问了去市中心的路。
You can walk from here to the station in under ten minutes.你可以从这里走到车站,用不了十分钟。
I've asked Helen and Ben to dinner (= invited them to come and eat dinner with me) next week.我邀请了海伦和本下星期来吃饭。
We received another invitation to a wedding this morning.今天上午我们又收到一份参加婚礼的请柬。
I had my back to them, so I couldn't see what they were doing.我背对着他们,所以看不见他们在做甚么。
She walked over to the window.她走到窗边来。
He went up to a complete stranger and started talking.他走到一个完全陌生的人跟前,开始和对方交谈起来。
You've got your sweater on back to front (= with the back of the sweater on the chest).你的毛衣前后穿反了。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
RECEIVING 收到
 ESSENTIAL 
■used for showing who receives something or who experiences an action (表示动作的对象)对,给
I lent my bike to my brother.我把脚踏车借给了我哥哥。
I told that to Glyn and he was horrified.我把那件事告诉了格林,他吓坏了。
Who's the letter addressed to?这封信是寄给谁的?
 ESSENTIAL 
■With many verbs that have two objects, 'to' can be used before the indirect object (与许多可接双受词的动词连用,用于间接受语前)
Give me that gun./Give that gun to me.给我那把枪/把那把枪给我。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
UNTIL 直到
 ESSENTIAL 
■until a particular time, state or level is reached 距;到;至
It's only two weeks to Christmas.离圣诞节只有两星期。
Unemployment has risen to almost eight million.失业人数已经上升到差不多800万。
He drank himself to death.他酗酒而死。
She nursed me back to health.她看护我直到康复为止。
 ESSENTIAL 
■used when saying the time, to mean before the stated hour (表示时间)在…之前;距;差
It's twenty to six.差20分就六点。
■used to suggest an extreme state (表示极端的状态)
Look at your shirt - it's torn to shreds!看看你的衬衫——都成碎片了!
She was thrilled to bits.她激动得不行。
I was bored to tears.我感到无聊极了。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
IN CONNECTION WITH 与…相关
 ESSENTIAL 
■in connection with 与…相关
What was their response to your query?他们对你的询问作何反应?
She was so rude to me.她对我很无礼。
There's a funny side to everything.任何事物都有其滑稽的一面。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
FUTURE 将来
 IMPROVER 
■used before an infinitive, usually with 'be', to form the future tense (用于不定式前,通常和 be 连用,构成未来式)
The government announced today that it is to cut funding for the arts for next year.今天政府宣布明年要削减对人文学科的资助。
⇒ See also to-be
■used in this pattern to say what someone should do or to give an order (表示命令或指出某人应该做甚么)
You're not to (= You must not) bite your nails like that.你不准那样咬指甲。
■Newspapers often use to + infinitive without 'be' in their headlines (= titles of articles) when reporting planned future events (报纸标题中常用 to + 不定式这种结构,前面不加 be,表示未来计划中的事)
France to send troops in.法国即将派兵
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
CAUSING 引起
 IMPROVER 
■causing a particular feeling in a particular person 令(某人)感到…
That's when I learned, to my horror, that she was coming here.令我害怕的是,那时候我得知她正要到这里来。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
CONSIDERED BY 在…看来
 IMPROVER 
■considered by 对…而言;在…看来
I realize it may sound strange to you.我意识到,对你而言这听上去可能很奇怪。
I mean, fifty pounds is nothing to him (= he would not consider it a large amount).我的意思是,50英镑对他而言算不了甚么。
informal "I hear you've been going out with Sally." "Well, what's it to you? (= It should not interest you, and you have no right to ask about it)."“我听说你在和萨莉谈恋爱。”“哟,这和你有甚么关系?”
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
SERVING 服务
 ADVANCED 
■serving 为…效力,为…服务
As a personal trainer to the rich and famous, he earns over a million dollars a year.他做富人和名流的私人教练一年赚100多万美元。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
AGAINST 靠着
 ADVANCED 
■against or very near 靠着;顶着;非常接近
Stand back to back.背靠背站着。
They were dancing cheek to cheek.他们在跳贴面舞。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
MATCHING 匹配
 ADVANCED 
■matching or belonging to 与…相配;属于
He's given me the keys to his car - the fool!他把他的车匙给了我——这个傻瓜!
I've lost the trousers to this jacket.我把和这件夹克相配的裤子弄丢了。
 ADVANCED 
■having as a characteristic feature 有…的特征
She has a mean side to her.她的性格中有刻薄的一面。
There is a very moral tone to this book.这本书很有道德教育的意味。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu]
COMPARED WITH 与…相比
 ADVANCED 
■compared with 与…相比
She's earning a reasonable wage, but nothing to what she could if she was in the private sector.她的收入还可以,但如果她在私人企业工作收入会高得多。
Paul beat me by three games to two (= He won three and I won two).保罗以3比2打败了我。
He was old enough to be her father - she looked about thirty to his sixty.他老得可以当她的爸爸——她看上去约30岁,而他有60岁。
 ADVANCED 
■used to show the position of something or someone in comparison with something or someone else (表示相对位置)
John's standing to the left of Adrian in the photo.照片中约翰站在阿德里安的左边。
The Yorkshire Dales are twenty miles to the north of the city.约克郡山谷位于这个城市以北20英里处。
preposition UK [tuː]
    UK [tʊ]
    UK [tu]
    UK [tə] US [tə] US [ţə] US [tu/to 1
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